The word mausoleum is nowadays defined as “a special building made to hold the dead body of an important person or the deceased bodies of a family.
This word is derived from the name Mausolus, for whom the original ‘Mausoleum’ was built. Located in modern day Bodrum, Turkey, the Mausoleum is one of the ‘Seven Wonders of the Ancient World’.
Due to this status, the Mausoleum is one of the most well-known structures in the ancient world. After the Great Pyramid of Giza, this is the longest surviving Wonder, having stood for more than a millennium and a half.
The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was built for Mausolus, the second ruler of Caria from the Hecatomnid dynasty (and nominally a Persian satrap) who died in 353 BC. As the man who refounded Halicarnassus, Mausolus was entitled to receive cultic honours and a tomb on the central square of his city, in accordance with Greek custom.
The person in charge of this project was Mausolus’ grieving widow, Artemisia II, who, incidentally, was also his sister.
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