A study led by Dietrich Stout, an experimental archeologist at Emory University, has found that Stone Age tools weren’t just created by a bunch of cavemen banging rocks together—their creation actually required a high level of cognitive function.
Specifically, the creation of stone tools requires complex cognitive control by the prefrontal cortex, including the “central executive” function of working memory. Making decisions about where to strike a piece of stone with another object involves a lot of decision making, and requires a good memory of what happens when a stone is struck in a very specific way.
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